Publications

Journal Articles

• A Human–Machine System for Remote Rehabilitation: Cross-Platform Immersive Interaction Enabled by VR, AR, and Digital Twin Technologies
  J. Cui, S. Cao, J. Turner, B. Amer, S. Helus, J. Snow, J. Cronin, T. Sazonov, W. Lyu, J. Zhao, F. Hu
  IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 2026 early access
  DOI
• Deep Learning-Based Spatio-Temporal Framework for Opioid Overdose Monitoring in Rural Alabama
  X. Wu, S. Cao, J. Gong
  Artificial Intelligence in Health, vol. 3, no. 2, 2026
  DOI
• Real-Time, Free-Viewpoint Holographic Patient Rendering for Telerehabilitation via a Single Camera: A Data-Driven Approach with 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-World Adaptation
  S. Cao, J. Zhao, F. Hu, Y. Gan
  IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 7311–7323, 2025
  DOI
• Reconstructing Human Gaze Behavior from EEG Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning
  J. Gong, S. Cao, S. Korivand, N. Jalili
  Smart Health, vol. 32, art. no. 100480, 2024
  DOI
• Single-Belt versus Split-Belt: Intelligent Treadmill Control via Microphase Gait Capture for Poststroke Rehabilitation
  S. Cao, M. Ko, C.-Y. Li, D. Brown, X. Wang, F. Hu, Y. Gan
  IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1006–1016, 2023
  DOI
• Multi-Scale Reconstruction of Undersampled Spectral-Spatial OCT Data for Coronary Imaging Using Deep Learning
  X. Li, S. Cao, H. Liu, X. Yao, B. C. Brott, S. H. Litovsky, X. Song, Y. Ling, Y. Gan
  IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 69, no. 12, pp. 3667–3677, 2022
  DOI
• Inpainting for Saturation Artifacts in Optical Coherence Tomography Using Dictionary-Based Sparse Representation
  H. Liu, S. Cao, Y. Ling, Y. Gan
  IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–10, 2021
  DOI
• Rapid Escherichia coli Trapping and Retrieval from Bodily Fluids via a Three-Dimensional Bead-Stacked Nanodevice
  X. Chen, A. Miller, S. Cao, Y. Gan, J. Zhang, Q. He, R.-Q. Wang, X. Yong, P. Qin, B. H. Lapizco-Encinas, K. Du
  ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 7888–7896, 2020
  DOI

Conference Papers and Preprints

• SatBLIP: Context Understanding and Feature Identification from Satellite Imagery with Vision-Language Learning
  X. Wu, S. Cao, S. Li, J. Gong
  arXiv preprint, 2026
  arXiv
• SRVAU-R1: Enhancing Video Anomaly Understanding via Reflection-Aware Learning
  Z. Zhao, S. Cao, M. Ye
  arXiv preprint, 2026
  arXiv
• StructuGraphRAG: Structured Document-Informed Knowledge Graph for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  X. Zhu, X. Guo, S. Cao, S. Li, J. Gong
  Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 242–251, 2024
• Let Every Voice Be Heard: Developing a Cost-Effective Community Sampling Frame in Rural Alabama to Combat COVID-19
  X. Wu, S. Cao, H. Y. Lee, J. Gong
  IEEE/ACM Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), pp. 174–175, 2022 poster
• Super-Resolution Technology to Simultaneously Improve Optical & Digital Resolution of Optical Coherence Tomography via Deep Learning
  S. Cao, X. Yao, N. Koirala, B. Brott, S. Litovsky, Y. Ling, Y. Gan
  42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 1879–1882, 2020
  DOI
• Test-Retest Reliability of Total Body Volume Derived from a Single 2-Dimensional Digital Image
  M. V. Fedewa, K. Sullivan, C. J. Holmes, B. Hornikel, S. Cao, Y. Gan, M. R. Esco
  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 52, no. 7S, p. 869, 2020 abstract
• Validity of a 3-Compartment Body Composition Model Derived from a Single 2-Dimensional Digital Image
  K. Sullivan, C. J. Holmes, B. Hornikel, S. Cao, Y. Gan, M. R. Esco, M. V. Fedewa
  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 52, no. 7S, p. 870, 2020 abstract

Patents

• Real-Time, Fine-Resolution Human Intra-Gait Pattern Recognition Based on Deep Learning Models
  F. Hu, Y. Gan, S. Cao, X. Wang
  U.S. Patent 12,592,097, 2026
• Simulating a Split-Belt with a Single-Belt Treadmill
  D. A. Brown, C.-Y. Li, M. Ko, S. Cao, X. Wang, F. Hu, Y. Gan, L. Zhang
  U.S. Patent 12,370,404, 2025

Books and Book Chapters

• Metaverse Platform Implementation: AI, Security, and Applications
  F. Hu, S. Cao, X.-S. Hei (Eds.)
  CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2025 edited book
• Neural Rendering Technology in VR and AR
  S. Cao, X. Wu
  in Metaverse Platform Implementation: AI, Security, and Applications, CRC Press, pp. 3–27, 2025
• Virtual Reality Medical Technology in the Metaverse: A Digital Twin Approach and Cybersecurity Considerations
  J. Cui, S. Cao
  in Metaverse Platform Implementation: AI, Security, and Applications, CRC Press, pp. 249–264, 2025
• High-Bandwidth Communication Technologies for the Metaverse
  A. Cantu, W. Lyu, S. Cao
  in Metaverse Platform Implementation: AI, Security, and Applications, CRC Press, pp. 81–95, 2025